Range finder for cameras



March 26, 1946. H SCHWARTZ ET AL 2,397,160

RANGE FINDER FOR CAMERAS Filed March 2,11945 2 Sheets-Sheet l HyMA/v SCHWARTZ MAL/AM 'Asrfaaw INVENToRs.

Mw; i Haw Mrch 26? g-L SCHWARTZ ET AL 2,397,155@

l, RANGE FNDER FOR CAMERAS l v Filed March 2, 1945 2 shams-sheet 2 HyMA/v SCHWARTZ VV/LL/A M UAS TEDELLO IN VEN TORS /AAMM 9 Ww A TTOR/VEY Patented mgm 2,397,160 man Firman non CAMERAS Inc., Stamford, Conn. Application March 2, 1945, Serial No. 580,628

12 claims.

This invention relates to rangeiinders for use in conjunction with photographic apparatus such as cameras, more speciically it relates to rangenders which can be used under any light cono ditions and which may be described as rangel finders for day and night use.

The word camera as used herein is intended to include apparatus for the taking of photographs as well as devices such as moving picture projectors, television, cameras, enlargers, and the like, or inf other words any device including a lens to be focused on an object or screen.

Rangenders of the type described which are usually attached to the camera serve to facilitate the focusing of the camera lens. As it is well known in the art, in order to take a good picture with sharp definition it is necessary to focus the camera lens according to the distance of the object vto be taken, and the rangeiinder is used either to measure the range between camera and object or to focus the camera lens directly by coupling the lens movement with the adjustment of the reflector system of the rangender.

One of the principal objects of the invention is a rangender which can be used under any light conditions without requiring a rearrangement or relocation of any part or component of the rangennder.

Another object of the invention is a rangender by means of which the range of the object can be measured or the camera lens be focused either by observation and relative adjustment of two images viewable on one of the reflectors of the rangefmder in case the available light is sumciently bright for such determination of the range or by direct observation and relative adjustment of two light spots projected by the rangender upon the object. t l

Another object of the invention is to provide a means by which the reflector system of the rangender can be used either to produce the two images of the object when the rangender is employed at favorable light conditions or to project the two light spots to be compared upon the object when the rangender is used at subdued or dimmed light conditions.

Another object of theinvention is to provide a simple and convenient means for using the rangeilnder either as a day light rangender or as a night rangender. It will of course be A understood that the words clay and night are used to indicate the light conditions rather than the time of the day.

Another object of the invention is to provide a raneender which in addition to assisting in i r I rf Schwartz and William lastedello, Stamford, Conn., assig-nors to The Kalart Company,

proper lfocusing of a camera under light condi tions insuilicient for observation and comparison of two images visible on a reflector of the rangeunder, indicates whether the camera is properly aimed at the object to be photographer. This is accomplished by adjusting the reflector system of the rangender so that one of the light beams emanating from the rangefinder is substantially paralle1 with the axis of the camera lens.

Another of the objects of the invention is to provide a means by which a light unit employed to produce the light spots in coaction with the reector system of the rangeilnder can be con venientlyand removably attached to the rangefinder casing including the reflector system of the rangender.

Other and further objects of the invention will be hereinafter set forth and the novel features thereof dened by the appended claims.

According to a now preferred embodiment of the invention the rangender comprises two mirrors, one stationary and the other pivotally mounted. One of the, mirrors, preferably the stationary one is semi-transparent and the other has a. fully silvered surface. The mirror system is mounted in a casing having two object windows and one observation window for viewing two images visible on one of the mirrors, preferably on the stationary mirror. A light unit such as an electric bulb is mounted on .the rangender casing in a direct line with the centers of both mirrors so that the light unit and the mirrors share a common axis, the lightunit being placed adjacent to the semi-transparent mirror. Consequently a light beam emanating from the light unit will rst strike the upper side of the reecting surface of the semi-transparent mirror and will be reflected by this surface to produce one ofl the light spots on the object, part of this light beam willpass or be ltered through the semitransprent mirror and strike the second mirror which will reect the light beam to produce the second light spot on the object. By varying the angular position of the second or movable mirror the relative position of the light spots can be changed. The movable mirror is so coupled with 'the lens carrier of the camera that the lens is properly focused when the two light spots are in a predetermined relative position. The lower side of the reflecting surface of the first or stationary mirror is used for rangennding at light conditions not requiring the use of light spots. On this lower reflecting surface of the mirror the two images to be compared will be viewable.

lli'he invention is particularly advantageous for 2 asoman use in conjunction with rangeilnders ci' the so called super-imposed image" type. but it should be understood that it is also applicable to rangenders of the "split image type. Furthermore.v the invention is not limited to rangeilnders having only a stationary and a movable reflector but may also be applied to rangenders having a more complicated mirror system such as described ln the copending application Ser. No. 515.882, filed December 28, 1943.

The present application is a continuation in part of the application Ser. No. 438.350, nled April 9. 1942.

The above and still further objects of the invention will be more apparent in the following detailed description when taken in commotion which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a camera in 'an open condition with a rangeiinder comprising the present invention attached thereto:

Fig. 2 is a side elevational v iew of the light unit Aof the rangender.

Fie. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on line 33 of Fig. 2 through the cener of type known in the art as the Speed Graphic. and a rangeilnder ofthe type above referred to, it will be obvious that application of A the invention is not limited to these particulartypes but may be applied to various other types the above types being chosen merely to illustrate the principles of the invention. In general, the rangeilnder 23, Fig. 1, comprises a iixed semi-transparent reflector, such as a partially siivered mirror 28mounted at an angle of approximately 45'.l and la movable reilector. such as a ysolidly silvered mirror 23 also mounted at an angle of approximately 45. The movable mirror 23 is coupled by means of a coupling lever 3l engaging a shoulder screw 82 on a bracket 30 movable with the lens carrier i2 so that the mirror 23 pivots in a predetermined relawith the accompanyingdrawings, in the latter'ot Y tionship to the movementof the lens carrier to ward and away from a light senstive negative (not shown) placed in the camer Assuming the light conditions to be sumcient. the stationary mirror 28 being semi-pervious or semi-transparent to light permits the object to be photographed to be viewed through the mirror 28 and apertures or windows 33 and 34 located on the front and rear sides 0f the rangender casing 23 respectively. An image ofy the object to be photographed is also reflected from the movable mirror' 28 to the back of the stationary mirror Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the light unit taken online-Sof Fig.7.and

9 is a rear view of the light unit of Fis. 7; Referring rst to Fig. l there is shown the side view of a camera with the elements comprising a rangennder according to the invention assoelated therewith. The camera includes a bed portion Il which inthe open condition oi' the camera is located as shown. Movable back and forth on the camera bed I i is an objective lens carrier l2 which carries a lens I8 and a shutter I4. A bellows I8y is attached at one end to one side of the lens carrier while the other end-is secured to the camera casing. A set oi tracks and guides il serves to guide and move the lens carrier I2 back and forth relative to the camera casing on the camera bed Il. `A knurled focusing knob i8 cooperateswith a rack I8 to permit ad- Justment of the position of the lens carrier I2 in a manner well known in the art.

Secured to the side ot the camera casing by screws such as 2| is a rangennder according to the invention indicated in general by reference numeral 23 whichmay be of the type disclosed 28 and when the two images are superimposed upon one'another, the lens is correctly positioned the proper distance from the camera. The second or reilected image enters the rangetlnder through a lower' aperture or window 38 located in the lower front side of the rangennder casing 23'.

The light unit i4 attached to the upper end of the rangetlnder casingy 23' (as will be described more fully hereinafter) may be cylindrically shaped and has on the lower end thereof a ilanged extension `31, Fig. 3 of smaller diameter than the diameter of the cylindrical casing, 'I'he extension 31 is tightly iitted in a corresponding opening 4| provided in the upper end oi' the rangeilnder casing 23' for fastening the light unit to casing 23'. The light unit may be further secured to the rangeiinder casing 23' by soldering or other suitable means. Under the opening 4| is a lens 44 suitably held in position by a ring such as 48. The lens 44 is positioned directly lite or other suitable insulating material. The

member 49 ts loosely into the casing 48 and l may be clamped in position therein by a clampin the copending application nled November l0,

1941, Serial No. 4:18516. now Patent No.

2.376.982, dated May-29, 1%5. or in the copending application niled De 28 idea. Serial No. 515,882. cured to the upper end of the r e ilnder casing 23' in a mer d detail hereinafter is a light ai geney r f hated 2d fog part of the f' light, unit isconnected to a battery f movably 'attached to the top ai the cera eas-a .An electric cable di! connects the light `unit with the battery casmg 36.-

ile in the .t the vention la applied to .v coopera eri s; e, :me se ing screw 5I threaded through a boss 52 on the casing. .The lower end of the member 43 as shown in Fig. 3 is hallowed out and contained therein is a metal Ashell 53.' The shell 53 has axial slots suchas 54 therein so as to'form iin gers such as 5S on opposite sides of the shell. The. shell 53 holds therein an electric light bulb 5@ similar to the type employed in flashlights with the glass end ot the bulb extending downward. The fingers 58 grasp the bulb 5l and hold'the se in its inverted position.

The heretofore mentioned electrical cable 3l l extending between the battery casing 26 the light unit E5 contains two conductors. One of e z uw in r; un'. lieV a Crew SU, Figs. 3 and 4, while the other conductor terminates on a screw 59. The screw ad extends into the member B9 and is threaded into the bottom of the shell 53. The screw ha thus inaddition to serving as a clamping or terminal member for one of the conductors of the cable 2l forms an electrical connection between this conductor and the shell 53. The terminal screw 58 has associated therewith a short wire 8| v which extends down through a hole in the center of the member 49 to estabiishfan electrical connection between the terminal 'screw 58 and the center terminal of the bulb 5l. Thus the to the two terminals of the bulb 5l, one to the tip andthe other to the metal ring. A cap 6E is held to the member et by screws such as 63 and serves to cover the terminal screws '58 and 59 to prevent short-circuiting of the same and also to provide means for manually adjusting the bulb 51 within the cylindrical 'casing 48 by moving the lamp holder parallel to the axis of ,justed relative to the casing t8 both in anaxial and rotative direction.

The Viight from the bulb 51, 'when lit shines through a hole 66 in the bottom of the casing onto the lens M. Fig. l, and through the same to the rangefinder casing 23. As will be best two conductors in the cable 21 are connected v seenv from Fig. 1 bulb 51 and mirrors 28, 29 are arranged kin alignment, the upper side of the semi-transparent mirror being adjacentv to the bulb. Hence, a lighty beam passing through lens M strikes mirror 28 rst and a part of the beam Vis vreilected from the upper side of the semi# transparent mirror 28 and out through aperture 33 into the direction in which the camera. is aimed. The iiitered part of the light beam Ipasses through the semi-transparent mirror 2li and down onto the movable mirror in nml than out through the aperture 26. In this connection it should be noted that each mirror covers the entire beam, and that the references made herein to the upper and lower side of the semitransparentmrror refer to the sides of the reflecting surface of the mirror rather than to thc sides of the glass body supporting the reflecting surface. The light beam through the upper aperture 33 is substantially parallel with the4 axis of the camera lens I3 and accordingly the camera will be aimed in the direction of this light beam.

In order to switch on and oi the light bulb 5l a switch 2l such as a toggle switch'is included in cable 21. As will be apparent from the previous description and can be best seen in Fig. 1, the filament of light bulb El and the centers of the two mirrors are placed in `a direct line or in other words have a common axis. To be a more speci'o, the lament is placed opposite the upper side of the transparent mirror 2o. Consequently the upper side of-this transparent mirror can be used as the first reector surface which reiiects the light beam coming from the light bulb toward the object. The lower side oi the lesions., .tls all. Iamg SelVeS a5 mst FQ cctor surface for rangefhoding by comparison and relative adjustment of two images. The upper surface of the second or movable mirror 23 serves a dual purpose, to wit to reflect the part of the light beam ltered through the semitransparent mirror toward the object to form the second light spot on the object. and also to project the second image oi the object upon the lower side of the semi-transparenimirror. In other words by arrangement of the light unit in alieni; with the two mirrors and opposite the upper side of the semi-trso'isparent mirror a coaction between the light unit and the mirror system is attained permitting use of the rangeiinder either by observation of two images on the' stationary mirror or by observation oi two iight spots on the object without requiring a removal or relocating of the iight unit.

The focusing of the camera lens is accomplished by adjustment of the angular position of mirror 2li whether the rangeiinder is operated for night use with light unit or for day use without the light unit. As previously mentioned the pivoting of mirror 29 is controlled by the focusing movement of the lens carrier i2 toward or away from the camera casing, the pivoting of mirror 2Q being controlled by and coupled with the lens carrier i2by means including the coupling lever 3i' in a manner more fully described in the above mentioned patent application Ser. No. 418,516, filed November l0, i941. Since the control of the pivotal mirror is not part of the invention it is not described in detail herein. ln 'this connection it should be noted that the invention is not limited to lens coupled rangefinders but it is also applicable to rangeiinders with which the distance is measured directly and indicated on aV dial. Rangenders of this type are well known in the art.

Assuming new that the ranged/nder is to be used under iight conditions permitting an observation of two images of the object on the lower surface of mirror 5128 the operator will then observe the two images through observation. window Cto. By moving the lens carrier i2 relative to the carrlcrfl bed the two images can be brought into o. superimposed position or in any other predetermined relative position such as a position edge to edge whereupon the lons is correctly incurred for the distance of the object. It will be understood that for this um: of the rnmicflmlor tlm iight. huil is; switched oil.

Assuming now that the lighte conditions are subdued. for instance dln-infr nient time or for indoor worlu to preclude the observation ci images o the object on mirror 253, all the operator has to do is to switch on light bulb el' by means of switch El'. Then ashes been previonslyexplainecl the light unit in coaction with. mirror system of the rangender will cause two iight beams to emanate from the rangeiinder which will produce twolght spots on the object. The operatei: will again manipulate the ,lens carrier thereby varying the angular position. o mirror 225i until the two light spots are brought into a predetermined relative position to each. other. The adjustment is made preferably so that the two light beams emitted from the rongeinder coincide in the plane of the object for which the lens is to ne focused, or in. other words the two light spots will be superimposed when lens is correctly focused. lit. -`will of course be understood that any other relative position of two light spots can he selected.

i the operator will again to operation or the rangednder by observation or two images `he supply switches cir the light bulb.

ofessociated strips l secured to the top of the ycamera as shown in Fig. l for holding frlctionally the battery casing oi the camera. It should be noted that it is oi. course quite practlcalto place the battery in a compartment of the camera casing or to mount it separately from the camera.

in register with `the hole is a ilanged memiii.- The member |08- is held in place by soldering and ls'ln the form inside shoulder therein is a small lens I I2 held in place' by a spring wire H3. The outer end of lthe member I08.as shown in Fig. 8 is of reduced diameter, and extending radially from the sece tion of reduced diameter are three prongs or teeth I il located approximately 120 apart around the circumference.

Figs. 5 to 9 illustrate a modiication of the rangeinder according to the invention in which the casing of the light unit is mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the rangeiincler casing. The light unit includes 'a mirror which reflects thelight vbeam of the light bulb toward the mirror .system of the rangetlnder. This reflecting mirror ofthe light unit lls placed in alignment with the two mirrors of the rangeflnder and opposite of the transparent mirror so that the same optical arrangement is present as in the rst described embodiment of the invention although the light bulb itself does not share a common axis withthe mirrors.

Referring now to Figs. 5 to 9, in detail, it will be seen that the mirror arrangement is the same as the one previously described While the light unit is modified. Furthermore the yrangender is equipped with an eye tube subsequently described A and the light unit is removably mounted on the rangender casing. y

The modified light unit which hereinafter is referred to in general by reference numeral tu, will be first described. The casing 9i of the light unit is cylindrical and has the upper end thereof, as best shown in Fig. 8,' cut oli at an angle of ap= proximately 45. Attached to the sloping upper end of the casing 5l by means of screws 972 is a plate 33 which serves as a cover plate for the light unit. The lower end of the casing of the light unt ls arranged to have inserted therein a. bulb holding member @firmada of .insulating material. The member tit ts loosely inside the light unit casing and may be rotated therein' and also moved axially relative to the light unit casing di. A clamping screw itt, Figs. 7 and 9, threaded through the casing of the light unit, is provided for clamping the member 96 in an adjusted position. The upper end or' the member t@ is recessed and located therein is a small bulb 9i of the type.

commonly used in ashlights. A short single wire spring tt is attached to the member 9d by means of a screw S9 and at its upper endls in contact with the threaded sleeve portion 9i ci the bulb The rangetlnder easing 23' (Fig. 6) r'is adapted -to havethe light unit of the -modled form-re- `movably attached thereto. For this Apurpose an I8' opening |23 is' provided on the top ofthe rangender casing 23' slightly larger 'than theextending sleeve portion ofthe member |08, Fig. 8 of the modled llght'unit. The opening |23 has radial notches |24 therein which permit passage of the teethorprojections Ill on the sleeve portion of the light unit. when lt is inserted inthe opening |23. Thelight unit 801s attached to the rangeflnder casing 23', Fig. 5 byinserting the sleeve portion ofthe Imember |08 in the opening :23 and 'when the sleeyelof the member los is iiiserted a suflicient amount in the opening |23. the

'light unit maylbe rotated whereupon .the` teeth IN engaging theinnerside of the openlngto lock the light unit to the rangender.

. with the nger 'unit an secured to the tp of the rangeflnder as' shown in Fig. 5; lightv from the bulb 8.1 in the light' unit is projected upon amlrror |21 (Fig. 8) mounted on the inside of the plate 03 for instance. byineans of `a springy |21' through the lens H2 and" into the rangender casing where the 'light dividesand-projectsout through the windows 33 and 36 on the front side of the rangeilnder. Adjustment of the camera lens opcrates the rangeflnder in the manner herelnbefore set forth and'changes thedirection of one ofthe beams to assist in the' proper focusing of the camera,

- In order to facilitate the observation of the two images on stationary mirror 20 an eye tube may be provided. This eye tube is screwed into the inner thread of a flange 20| .provided in alignment with observation window 34. Thev eye tube has for this purposea threaded extension 203 fitting into the thread of flange 20|. The length ofthe eye tube which is preferably widened at the outer end, corresponds substantially to the width of .the camera casing so that the operator can place his eye conveniently against the wider part of the eye tube. It should be understood that an eye tube such as is shown in Fig. 5 may also be used for the rangender Ashown in Fig. l.

9i. The spring til serves to hold the bulb in posinected to asource of current. A toggle Switch 2l' is preferably included in the cable such as shown. in Fig. 1. The circumference of member 8d may be somewhat flattened at section dei to provide a better receiving surface for the socket.

The upper end 0f the casing 9i of the light unit til as shown in Fig. il has a hole therein; and but The light unit shown in Figs. 5 to 9 has been illustratedA and ldescribed as being-removable.

However, it can also be permanently fastenedlto the rangefinder casing ashas been described for the light unit accordingto Figs. A1 to 4, and vice versa the lightv unit 'shown in the iirst embodiment can be removably fastened 'to the rangeilnder casing instead of being permanently at" tached thereto.

In order to prevent the entrance of stray light cr dust through the opening |23 of the casing is' when the light unit is removed from the rangennder casingla pivotal cover plate 61 pivoted on a screw 08 extending from the top of the rangeilnder casing 23' is so fastened thatit can be swung into position to cover the hole.i23 in the casing when the light unit is Aremoved (see Flat 6).

'the operation of the .ranfrczfinder :intim iu of a. sleeve. A hole extends through the member |08 and against an vation window in figs. tous whether by observation of the two images or of the two light spots is the saine as has been described for the rangeiinder shown in Figs. 1 to 4. f As previously explained mirror |21 will reflect the light coming from bulb `8l through lens H2 whereupon the light beam will be divided by the upper reflecting surface'of mirror 28V andthe upper side of mirror 29 as has been previously explained. It will be observed that mirror lZl is in the-same optical position as is the iilament jof the light bulb 51 of Fig. l. The position of -the filament within casing 8i is adjusted' for the correct focal distance between the filament and mirror |21 and lens H2 respectively. `The adjustment of the lamplament'is accomplished by axial and rotative movement of lamp holder 8d which is then fixed in its correct position by means of said screw 86.

It is obvious, of course, that various modifications of the present invention may be made with out departing from the spirit or essential attribute's thereof;y and itis desired therefore that only such limitations be placed thereon as are imposed by the prior art o1' are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

We claim: l

l. Rangefinder adapted for use in conjunction with a camera comprising a xed semi-transparent reflector and a pivotal vreflector mounted in an optical relationship in which an image of an exterior object is viewable on the reflecting surface of the semi-transparent reflector facing the pivotal reflector anda second image of the object is projected by the pivotal reflector upon the said reilecting surface, a single light unit mounted in alignment with the two reflectors and facing the opposite or second reflecting surface of the semi-transparent reflector, said reiiectors and said light unit being arranged in an optical relationshlp in which the light beam emitted by the light unit yis partly reilected by the second or opposite reflecting surface of the semitransparent' reector to project a light beam toward the object` and partly penetrates the semi-transparent reilector and is reected by the pivotal reector to project a second light beam toward the. object, and a means to adjust the angular position of the pivotal reector for either con- 4 trolling the relative position of theltwo images viewable on. the rst named reflecting surface of `the'semi-transparent reilector or the direction of the light beam projected by the pivotal reflector, said adiustinglmeans being arranged either to place thesaid two images in a predetermined relative position to each other orto cause the two projected light beams to intersect angular rela-tive positionof the reiiectors corresponds tothe range of the object.

2. Rangeiinder adapted for use in conjunction with acamera comprising a'caslng having two object windows in the front Wall .and an` obser i the rear walI,` a fixed semitransparent reector mounted in the casing in register with the observation window and one of the l object windows, and a pivotal reector -mounted `in the. casing opposite the other 0bject window, said reflectors being mounted in an optical relationship in which arrimage of the exterior object isviewable mths reflecting surface of the semi-transparent reector facing the pivotal reflector and a second image of theobject vis projected by the pivotal reflector upon the said reflecting surface, a single light unit mountwhen the edon the casing inresister'with an opening pro vided therein in alignment with the two reflec tors and facing the opposite or second reflecting surface of the semi-transparent reilector, said reflectors and said light unit being arranged in an optical. relationship in which a light beam emitted by the light unit is partly reeoted by the second or opposite reiiecting surface of the semitransparent reflector to project a light. `beam toward the object` and partly penetrates the semi-transparent reflector and is reflected by the pivotal reflector to project a second lignt beam toward the object, and a means to adjust the angular position of the pivotal reector for either controlling the relative position of the two images viewable on the first named reiiecing surface of the semi-transparent reflector or in the direction of the light beam projected by the pivotal reflector, said adjusting means being arranged either to place the said two images in a predetermined relative post-,io`- to each other or to the two projected beams to in tersect when the angular re csition of the reflectors corresponds to the range o the `ola-- object windows in the front w l and an observation, 'window in the rear: fixed semitransparent reiiector mounted the casing 1n register with the observation window and one of the object windows, and a pivotal reflector mounted in the casing opposite the other object window. said reflectors being mounted .in an optical relationship in which an image of the exterior object is viewable on the reflecting surface of thesemi-tranSparent reflector facing the piv otal reflector and a second image of the object is projected by the pivotal reiiector upon the said reflecting surface, a single light unit comprising a housing, a lamp mounted or axial and. rotative adjustment relative to the housing mounted therein and a focusing lens mounted in the hous- I ing in front of the lamp, supported en the casins in register with an opening provided therein in alignment with the two reectors and facing the opposite or seco-nd reflecting surface of the semi-transparent reiector, said reflectors and said light unit being arranged in an optical relationship in: which a light beam emitted by the light unit is partly reectecl by the second o1' op posits reflecting surface of the semi-transparent reiiector to project a light beam toward the object and partly penetrates the senii-transparent reflector and, is reiected by the pivotal reflector to project a second light beam toward the ob ject, and a means to adjust the angular position oi the pivotal reiiector for either controlling I the relative position of the two images viewable on the iirst named reflecting surface of the senntransparent relector'or the direction of the light beam projected by the pivotall reiiectonsaid adjustine" means being arranged either to piace the said, two images in a predetermined relative pos1- tion to each other or to cause the two projected light reams to intersect when the anguish1 relative position of the reflectors corresponds to the range of the object.

4. Rangefinder adapted for use .in conjunction with a camera comprising a casing having two object windows in the front wall and an observation window in the rear wall, a iixed'semltransparent reector mounted in the casing m register "with the observation window and one oi* the object windows, and a pivotal reflector mounted in the casing opposite thc other object window, said reflectors being in au.

{. terior-iobject is viewable on thereflecting sur .fface' oi thesemi-transparent reflector facing the 'type described" for pivotal reflector and av second image or the object is 'projected by the pivotal reflector upon the second reflecting` surfacefa light 'unit compris ing'an elongated housing mounted on thecasing yin c.' position in rwhich the longitudinal axis of the housing is at an angle with the longitudinal axis of the casing, an electric lamp mounted in.

the housing and a reector disposed in the hous ing in register with an' opening in the casing, saidlight unit-reflector being mounted on a cornmon axis with the two first named reflectors and facing the opposite or second reflecting surface of the semiwtranspsirent reflector, said reflectors being arranged in an optical relationship in which a light beam emitted by the light unit and ref ected by the light unit-reilector into the casing is partly reflected bythe second or opposite reilecting surface ci. semi-transparent reiiector to project a light beam toward the object and partly penetrates, the semitransparent reflector` and-isreiiected by the pivotal reector to pro ject a second light beam toward the object, and a means 'to adjust the angular position of the pivotal reflector for either controlling the rela tive position of the two images viewable on the iirst named reflecting surface of the semi-trans parent reilector .or the direction of the light beam Projected by the pivotal reflector, said adjusting means being arranged either to place the said two images in a predetermined relative posi tion to each other or to cause the two projectedr light beams tointersect when the angular relau tive position of the reflectors corresponds to the range oi the object.

5. Rangefinder as described in claim s in which the light unit housing'is removably mounted on the casing.

6. n combination with a rangender of the type described, a light unit for projecting alight beam into said rangeilndena sleeve member on said light unit having radially extending projec tions. vsaid rangelnder having an opening with radial notches therein adapted to receive said sleeve member to 'oermit passage of said projections therethrough and to lock said light unitf in position on the rangeiinder after the inser tion of said sleeve member in said opening and the rotation of said sleeve relative to said openn ing on the airis thereof.

. '7. ln :combination with a rangelnder of the type described, a light unit for projecting a light beam into said rangeiindena sleeve member on said light unit having radially extending'pro jections, said rangeilnder having an opening with radial notches therein adapted to receive said sleeve member to permit passage oi 'said projec tions therethrough, said .projections to engage the under side of' said opening after the insertion of said sleeve member in said opening at least a predetermined distance and to lock said light unit to the rangeinder after rotation of the light unit about the axis of said opening, said light unit also including an electricl bulb, and means `for adjustably positioning said bulb inv said light unit," f

.BQ-In combination with 'a rangeilnder .of `the camera associated with said rangefinder, a light unit, asleeve on said light unit, said sleeve hav- "ing radially extending projections, said range-I assisting lin the focusing of a assenso 4 i` dii . observation window in the `object windows mounted in the casing ing movablev relative estending notchesladapted'to receive sleeve for permitting the insertion o! said sleeve inaid opening only withsaid'sleeve in predetermined positions relative thereto; said projections to lock Vsaid light unit iii-placev rclativeto said rangender, after the insertion olv said sleeve in said opening'and 'rotating the same relative to said opening -wherebyfsaid projections engage the underside of'saidopening., l

9. A rangender for assisting in the focusing of a camera including a'focusing lens movable relatively to'a'light' sensitive negative in the oas-v ing, comprising a, xed semi-transparent mirror and a movable mirror` arranged to be operatively controlled by the focusing movement of the lens, a casinghaving a. viewing window and ya pair of object windows formounting the mirrors therein, means including a iirst image viewable on the semi-transparent 'mirror and a second imagereected from the movable mirror and one side of the semi-transparent mirror for determining the focusing position of the camera lens by the rela.-

tive kposition or'the two images; a iight unit including a source of light, means for attaching the light unit to the rangeilnder casing in register with an opening lprovided therein to project a4 light beam into the rangender casing independ- I coupledwith and controlled by the movementof the camera lens to control the angular position of the movable mirror corresponding to the lens movement for placing either lthetwo images in a predeterminedv relative position to each other or to cause the two' light beams .to intersect in the plane ofthe object 'when the angularV posi# tion ol' the movable mirror corresponds-tol the range of the object.y

10. Rangefinder for use in conjunctiony with a camera having a lens mounted in the camera casin thecamera casing, comprising a. .casing havingtwo object windows in thefront wallanda'n the rear wall, a xed semitransparent-reector mounted in the casing in register-with `the observation Window and one of opposite to'the otherv object window, said reflectors being arranged inan optical relationship inv which'an' image of'an cxteriorobject is viewable on the reilectlng surface of the semi-'transparent reflector facing the pivotalreflector and afsecond-ima'ge ofthe 'object is x l l by the .pivotal refiectorupon the said reflecting surface, a light lbeam projecting" element mounted on the rangefinder casingin register with an opening: providedtherein inafdirect line withk the centers ofthe two reilectorslfand `facing the' opposite vor second reilectlng lsurface reflector', saidreectors beam projecting element' being arprojected t or'-V the senil-transparent and saidlig'h't' ranged vin an optical relationship ,in .which the f light beam of ,thelight lbeam projecting element ispartlyr reflected 'by'f'the second orpopposite rej ecting surface of the semi-transparent'reilector employed in the im l rans'ender, part' of the to a light sensitive negative y and a'fpivotall reflector l to project a light beam toward the obiect partly penetrates the semi-transparent reflector and is renected by the pivotal reflector to project a second iight beam toward the object, and a means mechanically coupled with and controlled by the movement of the camera lens to adjust the angular position of the pivotal reflector corresponding to the lens movement for either controlling the relative position of the two images viewable on the nrst mentioned reflecting surface of the semi-transparent reflector or the direction of the light beam projected by the pivotal reflector, said adjusting means being arranged either to place the said two images in a superimposed position or to cause the two light beams projected toward the object to intersect when the angular relatiie position of the reflectors corresponds to rango of the object and the lens is correctly for" d.

ll.. Rangender for use in conjunction with camera comprising a casing having two object windows in, the front wall and an observation window in the rear wall, a iixed semitransparent reeotor mounted in. the casing in register with the observation window and one of the object windows, and a pivotal reflector mounted in the casing opposite t e other object window, said reflectors being mounted in an optical relationship in which an `image of the exterior object is viewable in the reflecting surface of the senil-transparent reflector facing the pivotal reilector and a second image of the object is proiected by the pivotal reflector upon the said refleeting surface, a single light unit comprising a housing, an electric lamp mounted therein for axial and rotative adjustment relative to the housing and a focusing lens mounted in the housing in front of the lamp, the light unit being removably mounted on' the casing in register with -an opening provided therein in alignment with the two reflectors and facing the opposite or second reecting surface of the semi-transparent reilector, said reflectors and said light unit being arranged in an optical relationship in which a light beam uemitted by the light unit is partly reflected by the second or opposite reflecting sur face of the semi-transparent reflector to project a light beam toward the object and is partly filtered through the senil-transparent reilector and reflected by the pivotal reflector to project a second light beam toward the object, a means to adjustv the angular position of the pivotal refiector for either controlling the relative position Y of the two images viewable on theV first named angle comparison byoperation of the light switch without relocating the light unit.

l2. Rangefinder as described in claim l0 in which the fixed renector is mounted in an angular position in which a light beam reflected therefrom is substantially parallel to the axis through 35 the center of the camera lens for aiming the camera on the object.

HYMAN SCHWARTZ.

CASTEDELLD. 

